This review article examines host defense peptides (HDPs), particularly KPV, as potential therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), discussing their mechanisms of action in modulating immune responses and reducing intestinal inflammation. The authors synthesize evidence from multiple study types—including in vitro, animal models, and human clinical investigations—to evaluate HDPs as a novel drug development strategy for IBD management. The evidence level is review article, which synthesizes findings across human clinical, animal model, and in vitro studies rather than presenting original research data.