This review article examined acute compartment syndrome and intra-abdominal hypertension, discussing decompression strategies, current pharmacological treatments, and the potential role of stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in these conditions (review of existing literature). The authors synthesized evidence on the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome, standard surgical and medical interventions, and compiled findings regarding BPC 157’s proposed mechanisms in tissue healing and inflammatory modulation. This is a literature review synthesizing existing human clinical data, animal model studies, and in vitro research rather than original research.