This review article examined BPC 157, a synthetic peptide, and its proposed mechanisms of action related to angiogenesis and nitric oxide regulation in protecting against cellular damage while maintaining protective functions. The authors discuss BPC 157’s multifunctional properties and potential medical applications based on existing literature and patent data, suggesting the peptide may modulate harmful versus beneficial effects of nitric oxide and angiogenesis. The evidence presented is from a literature and patent review (evidence level: review article).