This review article examined the effects of various food additives on central nervous system function by synthesizing existing evidence on their potential benefits and harms. The authors found that while some additives (such as methylene blue) demonstrated neuroprotective properties in research settings, many commonly used additives lack sufficient human clinical evidence, with most supporting data coming from animal models and in vitro studies rather than human trials. The evidence level is a **review of human clinical, animal model, and in vitro studies**.